SULTAN
AL-FATEH
Who
is Muhammad al Fateh?
His
real name is Muhammad ibn Murad Bin Muhammad Bin Bayazid. He was born on March
29, 1432 AD (833H) in Adrianapolis (a town bordering Turkey - Bulgaria). He is
known as the "Muhammad Al Fateh 'for its success in freeing the city of
Constantinople. He ascended the throne as early as 19 years old when succeeded
his father Sultan Murad II. He ruled a vast empire for about 30 years among
between 1451-1481M. He was an eminent statesman and a great military commander
who had led by 25 military campaigns. He died on May 3, 1481 (855H) at the age
of 49 years.
How
the power of his education?
The
greatness of Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh lot to prove at the height of his
personality and enthusiasm in living his life. Since little of his father,
Sultan Murad II has led scholars to educate competent all-Fateh Muhammad
intensive and integrated. Sheikh Muhammad Bin Ismail al Kuranyi has been
entrusted to lead the educator to Muhammad al-Fateh. He was given authority to
lashing if required. In fact, he was awarded the prize award by Sultan Murad II
because he was hit Muhammad al-Fateh in order to educate them seriously. This proved
to Muhammad al-Fateh can memorize the Quran in a short period.
Real
teacher who guides him through integrated is Sheikh Shamsuddin Al Wali who was
a great scholar of the descendants of Sayyidina Abu Bakr R.A. Muhammad al-Fateh
have been convinced since childhood by Sheikh Shamsuddin that he is the person
to whom the Prophet in the hadith regarding the opening of Constantinople. He
taught Muhammad al-Fateh basic knowledge of the Qur'an, Hadith, Fiqh and
science skills such as mathematics, astronomy, history, war tactics, archery
and horse riding. Similarly in the field of language, he is an accomplished
scholar in his time is fluent in seven languages, namely Arabic, Latin, Greek,
Serbian, Turkish, Persian and Hebrew. In the field of Public Administration,
the king's father, Sultan Murad II had appointed his 12-year-old as acting
Deputy with the purpose of educating, during Sultan Murad II went to the island
of Magnesia bersuluk. In this young age he was beginning to mature to deal with
hoaxes enemy. When he ascended the throne, Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddin Sheikh
soon meet to prepare the army towards the capture of Constantinople by the
realization of the sayings of Prophet s.a.w concerned.
How
will the results of this study to Muhammad al-Fateh?
He
is always a brave, decisive, strong government secrecy in addition to being
quiet and reserved. He was very loving scholars and always talk to them about
the problems of the country. He had always been humble 'and humility. Rumeli
Fortress Hissari current building, opened his shirt and turban, he picked up a
stone and sand to the clergy and ministers had to follow the same work.
Muhammad Al-Fateh dote Shamsuddin Sheikh and Sheikh has a special position at
the Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih. This is evident when in his speech during the
opening of Constantinople, 'You all see me very happy. This joy is not simply
because of our success in this charming city, but it is because of the presence
of a noble Sheikhku which is pendidikku, Ash-Sheikh Shamsuddin Al Wali”
Why
he is said to be the best king and the great leader?
When
the Friday prayer to be established for the first time, the question arises as
to who he was among the most qualified to be a priest. He ordered all troops
including himself up and asked, "Who among us has ever left the prayer obligatory
since
puberty until now even once, please sit down!" No one is sitting, because
none of them ever leave the obligatory prayers. He asked, "Who among us
that since puberty until now never leave prayers ‘rawatib’ please sit
down!" And some of the soldiers sat. Then he asked, "Who among us
since puberty until now never leave ‘tahajjud’ even one night, please sit
down!" This time they sit, except Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh itself. He
never left the obligatory prayers, prayers ‘rawatib’ and ‘tahajjud’ prayers
since puberty. This is the education of children of Sheikh Shamsuddin Al Wali.
He was the one that was signed by the Prophet as the best of the king who led
the best soldiers in the hadith.
Why
did Constantinople so special?
Or
Constantinople is now called Istanbul is a city that is very special and
historic in the world. It was founded by the Roman emperor called Emperor
Constantine in 330M. Constantinople so strategic from a military standpoint,
business, and political relationship of internation extent Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821 Commander and Leader France) said that if the world is a country,
then the city of Constantinople is the most qualified to be the capital -
"If the Earth were a single state, Constantinople would be its capital. ".
In the history of Islam, Constantinople privileges have already been announced
by the Prophet himself when he dug s.a.w Trench Drain
"Constantinople
(now Istanbul) will fall into the hands of the Muslims. King is the best king,
his army is the best army ... "(Narrated by Imam Ahmad)
Hadith
of the Prophet s.a.w then only become a reality after almost 800 years later by
Sultan Muhammad Al Fateh, 7th Caliph of the Ottoman Empire with a total of
about 265,000 people army.
From
the Corner of geography, the city of Constantinople has its own because it is
surrounded by sea from three sides of the Sea of Marmara, and the Strait
Bhosphore Golden Horn Bay. Admission to the Gulf Goldern Horn was barred by a
giant iron chain. Which serves to prevent vessels from entering the main gate
of Constantinople. After all the preparations in place, eventually Sultan
Muhammad al-Fateh has sent envoys to the Byzantine Emperor of Constantinople
handed to him but he refused to do so. Constantinople was besieged town and
started to attack on Wednesday, April 19, 12 Rabi 1453M 857H with its army
which spans a total of 265,000 people, the city was bombarded by artillery
shells from places for 48 days but only damaging part of the outer wall of the
city.
1)
Mobile towers
He
then ordered his troops using mobile tower with a height higher than
Constantinple City and can accommodate hundreds of Islam. But the Byzantine
army successfully destroy the tower move after it successfully penetrate the
walls of their fortress.
2)
Assistance from the Vatican.
Byzantine
navy also reinforced by assistance sent by the Vatican and Europe with a fleet
of 5 pieces. Not to mention the Muslims failed to cross the Gulf of Goldern
Horn because of its giant iron chain that prevented the entry of their vessels.
This raises again the spirit of Vatican forces. The priest also reminded
residents Constantinope so many pray that Constantinople survived.
Byzantine
emperor tried to deceive Muhammad al-Fateh, with a variety of offers, gifts and
bribes to save his position but he denied emphatically by the Constantinople
surrendered peacefully to them.
How
early preparation prepared battle?
Since
childhood, Muhammad al-Fateh was reviewing and assessing the efforts made by
his father to the charming city of Constantinople. Also during the first 2
years after ascending the throne, he reviewed the city plan Constantinople in
detail each night to identify any factors of weakness Constantinople as well as
reviewing the reasons for the failure of the campaign commander of Islamic
History and conferring with the commanders of the army of the recent strategies
appropriate for use. He has made a great preparation towards its ambition of
mounting a charming Constantinope. He has provided a huge army and advanced to
the Mujahideen of about 265,000 people and ships of 400 for this purpose. He
also ordered construction nationwide modern war equipment such as giant cannon
that can shoot a bomb weighing 300 kg to a distance of 1.5 kilometers. Rumeli
Hisari cities were built on the banks of Europe, about 8 km from the city of
Constantinople. It was built opposite the City Anadolu Hisari on the banks of
the Asian side which was built by Sultan Bayazid Yildirim earlier. The fort was
neat control the ships that crossed the Bosphorus Strait. He also made a
covenant of peace with the Wallachia, Serbia and Hungary to isolate
Constantinople when they were attacked later. He brings together his battalion
scholars, experts and motivation to fight for the burning spirit of jihad army.
As soon as they approached the fortress walls of Constantinople, he ordered the
call to prayer echoed and executed. Byzantine army was so nervous to see about
265,000 troops behind the Islamic prayer leaders with cries of takbir sound
that broke the silence of nature.
How
conquered Constantinople?
a- Take
a boat through the mountains
Serenity
and joy of the Emperor and the people of Constantinople did not last long when
they discovered the presence of 72 warships Muhammad al-Fateh was up to the
Gulf of the Golden Horn on 22 April 1453M. Sultan Muhammad uses a method
exceptional when he and his troops have brought these ships by road on the
mountain before releasing it back into the Gulf Goldern Horn. This is a miracle
and is considered as a war tactic in the world by Western historians
themselves. Byzantine vessels are then burned as Muslim army shelled by
artillery and Byzantine defense system becomes weaker.
b- Injection
spirit of jihad
He
was also assisted by the scholars have taken the opportunity in the evening to
give the spirit of jihad to his troops while reminding them of the sayings of
Prophet s.a.w and then they both pray to Allah S.W.T
c- Climbing
city
The
next morning the Ottoman army was trying to climb the walls of the fort by a
ladder and tried to knock it down with a big catapult. They then drive in Daula
Ottoman flag on top of the city. Fierce opposition from the Byzantine army had
made many Muslims become syudaha'. Muhammad al-Fateh was then ordered his
troops to retreat and artillery fire continued until noon.
d- Karisma
Leader
Siege
for 53 days without any signs of an end to the success has raised boredom and
get rid of confidence on the part of the Muslim army. The precarious situation
in which he spoke of the uplifting forces, "O my soldiers, I'm ready to
die in the cause of Allah. Anyone who wants to come with me martyrdom!
"Listening to the speech then one of his soldiers named Hasan Ulubate
risen and led a small group of 30 soldiers who were open and then jumped into
the enemy fortress. They then plant the flag of Islam in situ. This has raised
the spirit of the Muslim army and shook the hand of the enemy. They were then
killed after being bombarded by enemy arrows. Then the Muslim armies invaded
the relentless penetrate defenses word Byzantine chanting Allahu Akbar. Cries
of takbir which has filled the space Constantinople gave the impression of a
psychological attack on the enemy.
e- Tunnel
When
the chaos in the city of Constantinople has not abated, the enemy has been that
the Muslim army was digging tunnels to enter the city. Fear fell on them with a
sense of terror and extreme fear
The
capture of Constantinople
On
May 29, 1453, he and his hosts, great captured Constantinople into the hands of
Islam. He proved the truth of the sayings of Prophet s.a.w. Constantinople was
renamed Islambol (overall) which was designated as the capital of the Ottoman
Caliphate. Church of St Sophies later converted into a mosque Aya Sophia. With
humility
his forehead smeared with dirt to make prostration gratitude upon the success achieved with
his army. Islamik symbolic name was later changed to Istanbul.
Do
victory was due to the weakness of the Byzantine?
Indeed,
the victory was not successful because of the weakness of the Byzantine or
Constantinople but is due to the dependence of the Muslim army against God,
stick to a firm time and progress and modernity Daula Ottoman military at the
time. A French historian, Baron Karaffoo has described it by saying, "The
opening of Constantinople shall not apply to Sultan al-Fateh by chance and not
because of the Byzantine be in a weakened state, but it is because Sultan
al-Fateh use all the power of science in his day."
Is
another major contribution a Fateh Muhammad?
Historians
have made the opening date 1453M Constantinople on 29th May as the date on
modern history. On entering the city, Sultan al-Fateh Mummad has declared that
the ancient world and the modern world has been erased has come where it is as
follows:
Justice
religious 1-
Many
Jews and Arabs were persecuted in Spain have moved to Constantinople. Sultan
al-Fateh has also allowed Christianity to be practiced to maintain Orthodox
churches and practice their sect. He has asked the church's assembly and elect
a chairman from among their clergy. They have chosen anadius as chairman later
said that he would rather see the turban of the Sultan of view hat Latin
(Catholic) because the West has been oppressive Catholic Orthodox parties.
Sultan also ordered that churches and synagogues were destroyed or harmed.
2-Development
Government and Development
Sultan
al-Fateh blessed with great success in improving the preparation of the
country, the neatness of the administrative machinery and create a strong bond
between the subject area under power and beat Serbia, Bosnia, the coastal area
of the Red Sea and the Crimean peninsula. He has expanded the boundaries of
the State of the only to an area of 600 sq km 2,214,000 sq km. His goal of
expanding the country is to penetrate the European and save Muslims in Andalus
from the clutches of Christianity.
3-Development
of Civilization
Form
of civilization has changed with the opening of Islam because many mosques,
schools and hospitals were built. He is very concerned about education and
education. He also analyzes the administrative, military, political and
development. Sutan Muhammad al-Fateh died in 1471M (886H) when it was at the
height of victory and glory. There is an opinion saying that his death was due
to poisoning by the hand doctor who hid his identity as a Jew.
To better understand and more interesting, I recommend you watch the movie Sultan Al-Fateh. Therefore, I include a link to your watch.
Hopefully happy and enjoyy.....
